Farm, Rural Economy, and Policy Implications of Sustainable Agriculture in South Dakota

South Dakota State University (SDSU) has been conducting research since the mid- 1980s on what has come to be called sustainable agriculture. We have been examining farming systems in which producers adopt management-intensive, holistic system orientations in planning their farms. Such farm managers generally view themselves as allies with nature, rather than as conquerors of nature. In addition to economic survivability, these farmers tend to give high priority to (1) being good stewards of the soil, (2) reducing pollution of ground and surface water, (3) raising chemical residue free, high quality products, and (4) reducing possible harmful effects of farm chemicals on their families\u27 health

Agronomic, Economic and Ecological Relationships in Alternative (Organic), Coventional, and Reduced-till Farming Systems

The objectives of the experiment station trials were to: • Measure yields in alternative, conventional and reduced-till farming systems. • Compare whole-farm economic performance. • Measure whole-farm productivity of the systems. • Determine influence of farming system on soil nutrient relationships, soil temperatures, soil water content, bulk density, residue cover, and snow catch. • Compare populations of plant feeding, predaceous, and microbial feeding nematodes. • Determine populations of fungi and bacteria, and measure mycorrhizal associations and soil fungistatic properties. • Determine effect of farming systems on earthworm populations. • Determine weed species present and densities. • Measure beneficial and harmful arthropod populations and measure insect damage. • Compare the relative sustainability of the various systems. This list of objectives represents various interests of the researchers and also reflects an attempt to obtain a holistic view of the processes that constitute a farming system

Tantalum pentoxide ceramic coatings deposition on Ti4AI6V substrates for biomedical applications

Tantalum pentoxide ceramic coatings are presented as perspective biomaterials for various biomedical applications. The surface properties and structure of as-deposited, annealed at 450°C and 700°C e-beam evaporated Ta2O5 films on Ti alloy substrates (Ti4Al6V) were investigated. The results demonstrated the good cyto compatibility of e-beam evaporated Ta2O5 coatings especially in the case of annealed films with strong stoichiometric Ta2O5 composition. Replacing the surface bounds with oxygen by either thermal or plasma treatment results in shear at more chemically stable hydrophilic surface region.Запропоновано керамічні покриття пентоксида танталу як перспективні біоматеріали для різноманітного біомедичного застосування. Було досліджено структуру та поверхневі властивості плівок Ta2O5, нанесених на зразки сплаву титана Ti4Al6V електронно-променевим випарюванням та відпалених при температурах 450 та 700°C. Результати довели гарну цитосумісність покриттів Ta2O5, особливо у випадку покриттів стехіометричного складу після термічної обробки. Заміщення поверхневих сполук киснем у процесі термічної або плазмової обробки зсуває поверхневі властивості у більш хімічно-стабільну гідрофільну зону.Керамические покрытия пентоксида тантала рассматриваются как перспективный биоматериал для различных биомедицинских целей. Исследованы структура и поверхностные свойства покрытий Ta2O5, нанесенных на подложки сплава титана Ti4Al6V электронно-лучевым испарением, и отожженных при температурах 450 и 700°C. Результаты показали хорошую цитосовместимость покрытий Ta2O5, особенно в случае отожженных покрытий стехиометрического состава. Замещение поверхностных связей кислородом в процессе термической или плазменной обработки сдвигает поверхностные свойства в более химически- стабильную гидрофильную область

First πK\pi K atom lifetime and πK\pi K scattering length measurements

The results of a search for hydrogen-like atoms consisting of $\pi^{\mp}K^{\pm}$ mesons are presented. Evidence for $\pi K$ atom production by 24 GeV/c protons from CERN PS interacting with a nickel target has been seen in terms of characteristic $\pi K$ pairs from their breakup in the same target ($178 \pm 49$) and from Coulomb final state interaction ($653 \pm 42$). Using these results the analysis yields a first value for the $\pi K$ atom lifetime of $\tau=(2.5_{-1.8}^{+3.0})$ fs and a first model-independent measurement of the S-wave isospin-odd $\pi K$ scattering length $\left|a_0^-\right|=\frac{1}{3}\left|a_{1/2}-a_{3/2}\right|= \left(0.11_{-0.04}^{+0.09} \right)M_{\pi}^{-1}$ ($a_I$ for isospin $I$).Comment: 14 pages, 8 figure

Results on correlations and fluctuations from NA49

The large acceptance and high momentum resolution as well as the significant particle identification capabilities of the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS allow for a broad study of fluctuations and correlations in hadronic interactions. In the first part recent results on event-by-event charge and p_t fluctuations are presented. Charge fluctuations in central Pb+Pb reactions are investigated at three different beam energies (40, 80, and 158 AGeV), while for the p_t fluctuations the focus is put on the system size dependence at 158 AGeV. In the second part recent results on Bose Einstein correlations of h-h- pairs in minimum bias Pb+Pb reactions at 40 and 158 AGeV, as well as of K+K+ and K-K- pairs in central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 AGeV are shown. Additionally, other types of two particle correlations, namely pi p, Lambda p, and Lambda Lambda correlations, have been measured by the NA49 experiment. Finally, results on the energy and system size dependence of deuteron coalescence are discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, Presented at Quark Matter 2002, Nantes, France, Corrected error in Eq.

Shower development of particles with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the CALICE scintillator-tungsten hadronic calorimeter

We present a study of showers initiated by electrons, pions, kaons, and protons with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the highly granular CALICE scintillator-tungsten analogue hadronic calorimeter. The data were recorded at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron in 2011. The analysis includes measurements of the calorimeter response to each particle type as well as measurements of the energy resolution and studies of the longitudinal and radial shower development for selected particles. The results are compared to Geant4 simulations (version 9.6.p02). In the study of the energy resolution we include previously published data with beam momenta from 1 GeV to 10 GeV recorded at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in 2010.Comment: 35 pages, 21 figures, 8 table